Medicine in the Fight against HIV/AIDS and Cancer :: Medical Treatment Chinese Papers

Medicine in the Fight against HIV/AIDS and Cancer Conventional (allopathic) medicine has been the mainstream Western approach to medicine ever since the early twentieth century. Previous to the widespread popularization of the allopathic tradition, other more holistic traditions of medicine were accepted and practiced without bias. The founding of the American Medical Association (AMA) brought with it a swift turnabout for other traditions and placed the monopoly of the industry solely in the hands of allopathic physicians. However many of the procedures and techniques for dealing with illness in conventional medicine are invasive and involve the introduction of severe and even toxic agents and many people are now expressing a desire to return to more natural means of fighting disease. The use of alternative medicine is becoming increasingly popular in the Western world, although patients are hesitant to inform their allopathic physicians of this use. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS and Cancer cases is growing in leaps daily and these diseases even represent the leading causes of mortality in some countries. Conventional medicine is undoubtedly not always able to successfully treat many of these cases but it has been suggested that a combination of allopathic and alternative therapy would increase success rates by providing the optimal treatment of illness, as in the treatment of HIV/AIDS and Cancer. Western culture should endeavor to explore alternative practices instead of brushing aside what it does not understand. There are many different forms of alternative medicine, some of which are centuries old. The term 'alternative medicine' covers the broad category of unconventional forms of medicine, many of which are not accepted by the allopathic tradition due to their inability to be evaluated under the scientific method and their consequent lack of empiricality, both of which have strong bases in the Western tradition. The systems that fall under alternative medicine are Chinese Medicine, Ayurveda, Naturopathic Medicine, Homeopathy, Osteopathic Medicine, Chiropractic, Massage Therapy and Bodywork, and Mind/Body Medicine. Five of these treatments will be discussed in their general approaches to illness as a demonstration of alternative models of medicine. Chinese Medicine is an ancient form of alternative medicine, dating back over 3000 years. The key principle of this tradition is the belief in an unseen entity called chi, which symbolizes the vital life force energy inherent in all things. Chi flows through the human body in pathways known as meridians, which enable the passage of this energizing force through all the organs of the body.

Internal Control and Shady Accounting Practices

Group 3 1. Why did accounting fraud occur at WorldCom? Fraud occurred at WorldCom for a variety of reasons. The senior executives had unchecked power because the board of directors were only figure heads, the ethics hot-line was nonfunctional, and in internal audit department did report to the appropriate link in the corporate chain to minimize fraud. These reasons, combined with a poor company culture, created the environment where fraud was able to become an acceptable business process. The senior executives at WorldCom had a â€Å"do it or else† attitude that was unchecked by any external force.That external force should have been the board of directors. Unfortunately the board of directors were being directed by the senior executives, given information about WorldCom that was disorganized to hide highly controversial and aggressive accounting techniques. These directors should have recognized they were being used and realized their agency to the stock holders to administer the oversight they were compensated to provide. The ethics hot-line, according to the case, while existed, was not known or trusted by the general population of employees at WorldCom.While many employees were aware of unethical activity, no of them felt that using this channel was a viable solution to addressing problems at WorldCom. Finally, the Internal audit department reported to the senior executive who ultimately steered their activity. If the executive was informed that internal audit was close to uncovering the unethical acts of managers, he directed their internal activity to other areas of the firm and blocked access to their department to the files that could expose the problem.If the internal audit department reported to the board of directors, better policing of executive activity would have been possible. All of these reasons had an element of poor culture in their makeup. Allowing senior executives to bullying their subordinates, inattentive directors, allowing for t he ethics channel to be nonfunctional, and accepting the unethical actions of seniors as the way things get done, ultimately doomed WorldCom to a spiral of actions that had the momentum of everyone's livelihood at stake, with no system in place to automatically apply the brakes to protect the shareholders. . What is the difference between earnings management (or earnings smoothing) and accounting fraud? What are the relevant criteria to use in distinguishing ethical from unethical accounting practices? I don't think there is a difference between earning smoothing and accounting fraud. Both practices intentionally mislead investors to alter their opinion of their holdings. Even if altering earning to smooth it out is mean only to put investors at ease, the underlying goal of smoothing is to change the perception of risk and volatility, which demand premiums in the market.Relevant criteria for distinguishing ethical from unethical accounting practices are if the accounting practice ma terially changes what the average investor values the company at and items addressed in GAAP and other accounting standards that are against conventional accounting guidelines actively used and unchallenged in the business landscape. 3. What internal processes or systems do you recommend to prevent fraudulent practices such as those present at WorldCom?Why were these practices not detected sooner? It appears WorldCom's fraudulent activities was uncovered by the companies own internal accounting department, indicating that at least one of five internal controls – â€Å"monitoring of controls† was functional. However, I believe if there were to have been periodic external auditing from impartial entities outside of WorldCom, the fraudulent activities would have been uncovered sooner than it occurred in 2005.Other internal control processes that could have prevented WorldCom's fraudulent activities and demise are; hiring competent, reliable and ethical personnel, particul arly in leadership positions that the company's board of trustees failed to accomplish, or perhaps were oblivious and complacent with the â€Å"red flag warnings† – falsely professed financial growth and profitability to increase the price of WorldCom's stock, and underreporting line costs (interconnection expenses with other telecommunication companies) by capitalizing these costs on the balance sheet rather than properly expensing them.In addition to inflating revenues with bogus accounting entries from corporate unallocated revenue accounts. I also believe there was failure with â€Å"assignment of duties†, or separation of duties if you will. Because, Mr. Ebber's seems to have been in control of his CFO – Sullivan, Controller – Myers, and Director of General Accounting – Yates. All of whom were unethical leaders at WorldCom that helped concoct â€Å"shady† accounting practices that led to the demise of WorldCom. It is my opinion t hat the above mentioned practices were not detected early enough due to micro management of lower taff employees by unethical leadership through autocratic style leadership, and environment that instilled fear in employees for fear of losing their jobs if any concerns were raised. An unfortunate reality that sadly exist in many big corporations, and even in governments. 4. What external processes or systems do you recommend to prevent and detect fraudulent practices such as those present at WorldCom? Were the directors on the board or the external auditors to be blamed?External auditing is an effective process that can in many ways prevent fraudulent activities within organizations, as the respective auditing teams have no â€Å"loyalty† to management or leadership within the company undergoing review by the external auditors. Retrospectively, I believe that the board of trustees of WorldCom at the time of the scandal would have wished that they had carefully looked into the background and leadership style of Mr. Ebber's and his co-conspirators to have checked for any signs of unethical behavior that many companies continue to blindly ignore.Barely about a year ago, Yahoo's former CEO was publicly humiliated, and subsequently fired by the company for â€Å"embellishing his academic credentials†. A very minor issue that could have been easily prevented, had the board of trustees of Yahoo looked thoroughly into Thompson's background by doing their due diligence. Unfortunately, the board of trustees of Yahoo failed at this task, much like what happened back in the late nineties with WorldCom and Ebber's. 5. You are a representative from the SEC.Briefly describe any sections of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that you would cite to either Mr. Sullivan or Mr. Ebber's when they refuse to comply with your request for information. Under the federal regulations and securities Section 3(a)(47) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U. S. C. 78c(a)(47)), ref usal of any individual(s), or company(s) to conform to set accounting practices including external auditing by appropriate personnel (entities) will be liable to punitive actions set forth by federal legislations – up to or more than 25-years imprisonment and fines.Additionally, accounting and auditing practices by firms and individuals associated with a particular entity, or provide other services to any or such entities are prohibited to prevent conflict of interest, and accurate reporting of accounting practices. All of which were corporate infractions engaged in by Mr. Ebber's and his co-conspirators at WorldCom. 6. The E/R ratios of other telecommunications companies during the late 1990’s hovered around 50% or at best high 40%. If you were an investor, would you have invested in WorldCom? I probably would have.Despite the fact that WorldCom's E/R ratio seems to have been lower than its competitors , which should have raised a red flag in any potential investors m ind. However, like my decision to still invest in WorldCom despite its â€Å"too good to be E/R ratios†, many investors back then may have ignored what was obvious because WorldCom's â€Å"cooked books† from previous years all â€Å"seemed financially sound†, thanks to Ebber's and his co-conspirators great efforts at evading external auditors, fooling the public and its shareholders, and â€Å"muscling† junior employees to cover up its â€Å"shady accounting practices†.So naturally, any potential investor would probably back then have made the same mistake of investing in WorldCom. Obviously, not expensing largest operating expense â€Å"line costs† – incurred to gain access to other carriers networks to allow WorldCom to complete customers calls, as reported in its SEC filings will make its E/R ratio lower compared to WorldCom's competitors, resulting in an â€Å"inflated performance† – overstatement of earnings and und erstatement of operating expenses. 7. Contrast the roles of Vinson and Cooper in the case.Should Vinson have been charged with committing crime? According to the section â€Å"Resolution of Ethical Conflict† in the Institute of Management Accountants' Code of Ethics, how should employees proceed when under pressure by senior managers to engage in unethical behavior? As stated by James Comey, the U. S. attorney that prosecuted Ms. Vinson's case, â€Å"just following orders† is not an excuse to break the law. Why? Because, like many accounting professionals, Ms. Vinson knew right from wrong as it pertains to the prescriptive law of accounting ethical practices.In her own statement and admissions to prosecutors during the initial stages of her prosecution, and attempt to become a witness for the prosecution to gain leniency. (Pulliam, 2003). She (Ms. Vinson) stated that â€Å"each time she was ordered to â€Å"cook† or cover unethical accounting practices, she tho ught and hoped it will be the last time she caved in for such unscrupulous activities. Unfortunately, she kept on caving for years till the scandal was uncovered†. In light of the facts, and Ms.Vinson and Cooper's knowledge of right and wrong concerning the ethical practices of their chosen professions, it is appropriate for both of them to have been held liable for conspiring and engaging in such fraudulent activities as purported by WorldCom. As outlined by the IMA, accounting professionals in any company that are micro-managed, â€Å"muscled†, or coerced to engage in any fraudulent activities or witness any such improprieties, should first report the issue to an immediate supervisor that is not involve in such activities.In the event such option does not exist, one should then report the issue to a higher management staff that is not involved in such impropriety. it's also advisable for one to seek legal counseling with a private attorney about how to proceed in such matters n the event that reporting to an external body is imminent. Reference:PULLIAM, S. , Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL Online, June 23, 2003| | Internal Control and Shady Accounting Practices Group 3 1. Why did accounting fraud occur at WorldCom? Fraud occurred at WorldCom for a variety of reasons. The senior executives had unchecked power because the board of directors were only figure heads, the ethics hot-line was nonfunctional, and in internal audit department did report to the appropriate link in the corporate chain to minimize fraud. These reasons, combined with a poor company culture, created the environment where fraud was able to become an acceptable business process. The senior executives at WorldCom had a â€Å"do it or else† attitude that was unchecked by any external force.That external force should have been the board of directors. Unfortunately the board of directors were being directed by the senior executives, given information about WorldCom that was disorganized to hide highly controversial and aggressive accounting techniques. These directors should have recognized they were being used and realized their agency to the stock holders to administer the oversight they were compensated to provide. The ethics hot-line, according to the case, while existed, was not known or trusted by the general population of employees at WorldCom.While many employees were aware of unethical activity, no of them felt that using this channel was a viable solution to addressing problems at WorldCom. Finally, the Internal audit department reported to the senior executive who ultimately steered their activity. If the executive was informed that internal audit was close to uncovering the unethical acts of managers, he directed their internal activity to other areas of the firm and blocked access to their department to the files that could expose the problem.If the internal audit department reported to the board of directors, better policing of executive activity would have been possible. All of these reasons had an element of poor culture in their makeup. Allowing senior executives to bullying their subordinates, inattentive directors, allowing for t he ethics channel to be nonfunctional, and accepting the unethical actions of seniors as the way things get done, ultimately doomed WorldCom to a spiral of actions that had the momentum of everyone's livelihood at stake, with no system in place to automatically apply the brakes to protect the shareholders. . What is the difference between earnings management (or earnings smoothing) and accounting fraud? What are the relevant criteria to use in distinguishing ethical from unethical accounting practices? I don't think there is a difference between earning smoothing and accounting fraud. Both practices intentionally mislead investors to alter their opinion of their holdings. Even if altering earning to smooth it out is mean only to put investors at ease, the underlying goal of smoothing is to change the perception of risk and volatility, which demand premiums in the market.Relevant criteria for distinguishing ethical from unethical accounting practices are if the accounting practice ma terially changes what the average investor values the company at and items addressed in GAAP and other accounting standards that are against conventional accounting guidelines actively used and unchallenged in the business landscape. 3. What internal processes or systems do you recommend to prevent fraudulent practices such as those present at WorldCom?Why were these practices not detected sooner? It appears WorldCom's fraudulent activities was uncovered by the companies own internal accounting department, indicating that at least one of five internal controls – â€Å"monitoring of controls† was functional. However, I believe if there were to have been periodic external auditing from impartial entities outside of WorldCom, the fraudulent activities would have been uncovered sooner than it occurred in 2005.Other internal control processes that could have prevented WorldCom's fraudulent activities and demise are; hiring competent, reliable and ethical personnel, particul arly in leadership positions that the company's board of trustees failed to accomplish, or perhaps were oblivious and complacent with the â€Å"red flag warnings† – falsely professed financial growth and profitability to increase the price of WorldCom's stock, and underreporting line costs (interconnection expenses with other telecommunication companies) by capitalizing these costs on the balance sheet rather than properly expensing them.In addition to inflating revenues with bogus accounting entries from corporate unallocated revenue accounts. I also believe there was failure with â€Å"assignment of duties†, or separation of duties if you will. Because, Mr. Ebber's seems to have been in control of his CFO – Sullivan, Controller – Myers, and Director of General Accounting – Yates. All of whom were unethical leaders at WorldCom that helped concoct â€Å"shady† accounting practices that led to the demise of WorldCom. It is my opinion t hat the above mentioned practices were not detected early enough due to micro management of lower taff employees by unethical leadership through autocratic style leadership, and environment that instilled fear in employees for fear of losing their jobs if any concerns were raised. An unfortunate reality that sadly exist in many big corporations, and even in governments. 4. What external processes or systems do you recommend to prevent and detect fraudulent practices such as those present at WorldCom? Were the directors on the board or the external auditors to be blamed?External auditing is an effective process that can in many ways prevent fraudulent activities within organizations, as the respective auditing teams have no â€Å"loyalty† to management or leadership within the company undergoing review by the external auditors. Retrospectively, I believe that the board of trustees of WorldCom at the time of the scandal would have wished that they had carefully looked into the background and leadership style of Mr. Ebber's and his co-conspirators to have checked for any signs of unethical behavior that many companies continue to blindly ignore.Barely about a year ago, Yahoo's former CEO was publicly humiliated, and subsequently fired by the company for â€Å"embellishing his academic credentials†. A very minor issue that could have been easily prevented, had the board of trustees of Yahoo looked thoroughly into Thompson's background by doing their due diligence. Unfortunately, the board of trustees of Yahoo failed at this task, much like what happened back in the late nineties with WorldCom and Ebber's. 5. You are a representative from the SEC.Briefly describe any sections of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that you would cite to either Mr. Sullivan or Mr. Ebber's when they refuse to comply with your request for information. Under the federal regulations and securities Section 3(a)(47) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U. S. C. 78c(a)(47)), ref usal of any individual(s), or company(s) to conform to set accounting practices including external auditing by appropriate personnel (entities) will be liable to punitive actions set forth by federal legislations – up to or more than 25-years imprisonment and fines.Additionally, accounting and auditing practices by firms and individuals associated with a particular entity, or provide other services to any or such entities are prohibited to prevent conflict of interest, and accurate reporting of accounting practices. All of which were corporate infractions engaged in by Mr. Ebber's and his co-conspirators at WorldCom. 6. The E/R ratios of other telecommunications companies during the late 1990’s hovered around 50% or at best high 40%. If you were an investor, would you have invested in WorldCom? I probably would have.Despite the fact that WorldCom's E/R ratio seems to have been lower than its competitors , which should have raised a red flag in any potential investors m ind. However, like my decision to still invest in WorldCom despite its â€Å"too good to be E/R ratios†, many investors back then may have ignored what was obvious because WorldCom's â€Å"cooked books† from previous years all â€Å"seemed financially sound†, thanks to Ebber's and his co-conspirators great efforts at evading external auditors, fooling the public and its shareholders, and â€Å"muscling† junior employees to cover up its â€Å"shady accounting practices†.So naturally, any potential investor would probably back then have made the same mistake of investing in WorldCom. Obviously, not expensing largest operating expense â€Å"line costs† – incurred to gain access to other carriers networks to allow WorldCom to complete customers calls, as reported in its SEC filings will make its E/R ratio lower compared to WorldCom's competitors, resulting in an â€Å"inflated performance† – overstatement of earnings and und erstatement of operating expenses. 7. Contrast the roles of Vinson and Cooper in the case.Should Vinson have been charged with committing crime? According to the section â€Å"Resolution of Ethical Conflict† in the Institute of Management Accountants' Code of Ethics, how should employees proceed when under pressure by senior managers to engage in unethical behavior? As stated by James Comey, the U. S. attorney that prosecuted Ms. Vinson's case, â€Å"just following orders† is not an excuse to break the law. Why? Because, like many accounting professionals, Ms. Vinson knew right from wrong as it pertains to the prescriptive law of accounting ethical practices.In her own statement and admissions to prosecutors during the initial stages of her prosecution, and attempt to become a witness for the prosecution to gain leniency. (Pulliam, 2003). She (Ms. Vinson) stated that â€Å"each time she was ordered to â€Å"cook† or cover unethical accounting practices, she tho ught and hoped it will be the last time she caved in for such unscrupulous activities. Unfortunately, she kept on caving for years till the scandal was uncovered†. In light of the facts, and Ms.Vinson and Cooper's knowledge of right and wrong concerning the ethical practices of their chosen professions, it is appropriate for both of them to have been held liable for conspiring and engaging in such fraudulent activities as purported by WorldCom. As outlined by the IMA, accounting professionals in any company that are micro-managed, â€Å"muscled†, or coerced to engage in any fraudulent activities or witness any such improprieties, should first report the issue to an immediate supervisor that is not involve in such activities.In the event such option does not exist, one should then report the issue to a higher management staff that is not involved in such impropriety. it's also advisable for one to seek legal counseling with a private attorney about how to proceed in such matters n the event that reporting to an external body is imminent. Reference:PULLIAM, S. , Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL Online, June 23, 2003| |

The Effect Of Galileo And Galileo - 1176 Words

Introduction From our daily experiences, it is easily observed that for a body to move from one point to the other there is usual a given force involved to facilitate this motion. Consider a wooden block that is to be pushed from one end of the table to the other, from a layman’s view the motion will be attributed to the strength of the individual who pushes the block. The same wooden block can be tipped so that it falls off the edge of the table. The block undergoes positional change equal to the height between the table top and the ground below. In this case, the motion cannot be attributed to any visible factor in a layman’s opinion. By the seventeenth century, it had already been established that there was a force that acted on a body†¦show more content†¦It is this quantity that I mean hereafter everywhere under the name of body or mass. And the same is known by the weight of each body, for it is proportional to the weight, as I have found by experiment on pendulums, very accurately made, which shall be shown hereafter. (p. 3) Theory First law of motion The first law of motion is also known as the ‘Principle of Inertia’ which, as earlier stated was established by Galileo. According to Newton (1729), the first law is described as follows: Every body continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a right line, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it. (p. 4) The first law simply seeks to state that a body will remain in its position if it is not acted on by a force. The tendency of the body to remain in a given state by resisting change is what brings about the idea of inertia. Constant velocity results in uniform motion which implies that acceleration is zero. If acceleration is a zero, the body will maintain its motion in a given direction. A glass or plastic cup that is empty has a light paper on top of its open side. On top of the paper is placed a coin or a small piece of plastic. The piece of paper is then pulled out in a quick swift motion. The coin is seen to fall vertically down into the cup. This is an illustration of the first law as it as the coin maintains its state of inertia and falls into the cup obviously as a result of gravity. The paper moves due toShow MoreRelated The Life of Galileo and the Effects of his Findings on Faith1719 Words   |  7 PagesThe Life of Galileo and the Effects of his Findings on Faith Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa, February 18, 1564. At an early age, Galileo was interested in mathematics and the study of mechanics. His father, a onetime mathematician, pushed him towards the medical profession, which held much greater financial benefits. But the attempts of Galileo’s father were in vein as Galileo soon discovered the works of Archimedes and became extremely interested. Thus, his father reluctantly allowedRead MoreGalileo And The Scientific Revolution1549 Words   |  7 Pages Quick Facts Name Galileo Occupation Astronomer, Scientist Birth Date February 15, 1564 Death Date January 8, 1642 Did You Know? Galileo supported the Copernican theory, which supports a sun-centered solar system. Did You Know? Galileo was accused twice of heresy by the church for his beliefs. He remained under house arrest the remaining years of his life. Did You Know? Galileo devised his own telescope, in which he observed the moon and found Venus had phases like the moon, proving it rotatedRead MoreGalileos Discoveries of How Things Work Essay1695 Words   |  7 Pagesput in his way Italian philosopher Galileo Gallilei, still managed to work out a great amount of laws that defined and explained how things work. He took other peoples laws and looked them over, he faced family challenges and hardships with the church, but none of the conditions he put him to the test were able to stop him from accomplishing all the things he st himself to do throughout his life time. Galileo is now known as the father of modern astronomy. Galileo Di Vincenzo Bonaiut De’ GallileiRead MoreGalileo Galileis Contributions to Scientific Advancements634 Words   |  3 Pages Galileo was probably the most appreciable astronomer, mathematician and scientist of his time. In fact his work has been very essential in many scientific advances, even to this day. With things like improving the telescope and the discovery of the heliocentric orbit of Earth. Galileo had many other substantial discoveries that also had a great effect on astronomy. In the early seventeenth century,Galileo Galilei, an Italian physicist, mathemitician, astronomer, and philosopher, is known forRead MoreThe Theories Of Science And Technology Within The Context Of Society1445 Words   |  6 Pagesexist to cultivate science. But as Mario Biagioli argues, there were â€Å"institutions without walls†, such as the patronage system. However, many historians of the Scientific Revolution use patronage as a guide for the careers of great scientists like Galileo rather than treating it as an important paradigm in its own right to shape scientific activity. If they did not attempt that method, they outright ignored it or vilified it as something hostile towards scientific creativity as it argued that truthRead MoreGalileo1646 Words   |  7 PagesPueblo Community College Galileo Life after punishment Joe Davalos History 102 Western Civilization II Mr. Richard L. Rollins May 1, 2014 Joseph Davalos Mr. Richard Rollins History 102 Western Civilization II April 10, 2014 Galileo: life after punishment Galileo Galilei, born February 15, 1564 was a mathematics professor a scientist, astronomer and physisist. He attended the University of Pisa to study medicine in 1583. He was fascinated with many subjects, particularlyRead MoreComparisons of the Natural World1345 Words   |  6 Pagesof man. Although these Gods varied between ethnicities and religions, the general idea of a creator is consistent. However, with the extent of experiences and experimentation of Galileo, Bacon and Newton, the world was able to explore a new realm of reality in scientific discovery and analysis. Although the works of Galileo, Bacon and Newton can be compared with each other in regard to the idea of experimentation and observation, their contrasting views and fields of science are what separated themRead MoreCopernicus And Galileo : The Heavenly Bodies1087 Words   |  5 PagesHistory 3005 Prof. Tunney 10/24/17 Copernicus and Galileo The chosen sources are considerably based on Copernicus and Galileo which further reflects the comparison and contrast between both the well-known personalities. However, the first selected source is Dedication of the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies to Pope Paul III†, analyzed and constructed by Nicolaus Copernicus, 1543. Whereas, the second source is â€Å"Science and Scripture† by Galileo, 1957. The first source is a primary study. This sourceRead MoreEssay On Galileo Galilei1495 Words   |  6 PagesGalileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1556 in Pisa Italy, Tuscany in 1564, the son of Florentine musician Vincenzio Galilei. Actually, Vincenzio was a revolutionary musician—he felt the formal church music that then dominated the scene had become sterile, and that classic Greek poetry and myths had a power the church music lacked, that perhaps could be translated into modern music. He attempted some of this, and his work began the development that culminated in Italian opera. His mother GiuliaRead MoreGalileo Essay833 Words   |  4 Pagesand fundamentals were of the outside world, aka space, the planet and the stars, motion, and physics. One of the best minds of this time was, of course, Galileo Galilei. This great astronomer was a marvel at his work, he introduced controversial concepts that the church did not accept but those that he believed were to be true. Written by Galileo himself, this letter to the Grand Duchess professed his great discoveries and how they changed old ideas and thinking but received much criticism in the

Swot Analysis Of Petco Company s Strengths, Weaknesses,...

A SWOT analysis looks at a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The following is a SWOT analysis of Petco, a well known company that provides the common products that pet owners would need. Taking a deeper look into how they got started, what their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are in the prosperous market place that has a high demand for pet products in today’s culture that are reliable and inexpensive. Petco originally known as UPCO was started in 1965 as a mail-order veterinary supply business in San Diego, California. The name changed from UPCO to Petco in the late 1970s and began to expand their business. Their first store was established in Tigard, Oregon in 1980. Latter in the late 1980s the company had a major growth in retail when Petco acquired two pet supply chains, WellPoint and the Pet Department allowing them to expand their products. This allowed them to triple there store numbers from forty to one hundred and thirty expanding from Oregon to Washington and Texas. After that their store in Santa Monica California started selling fish and many other animals soon followed. In the early 1990s Petco introduced their logo mascots red ruff and blue mews. Soon after they opened a store on the east coast in New Jersey, growing there total number of stores to two hundred and eighteen in thirteen states. They then started providing a grooming service in the mid 1990s in stores nationwide, committing themselves to animalShow MoreRelatedGardner Distibutinc Company Swot Analysis977 Words   |  4 PagesGardner Distributing Company SWOT Analysis Gardner Distributing Company purchases, sells, and distributes Iams premium pet food products (68 percent of sales), pet supplies (14 percent of sales), and lawn and garden supplies (18 percent of sales). The management team has developed a purpose, mission, and objectives; but the strategies of the firm are not clear. Defining the firm s strategies will require an understanding of the business and the two industries in which the firm operates. It willRead MoreCase Study : Blockbuster And Blackberry Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesChange is an important to every business. Companies that don’t change become obsolete and susceptible to being irrelevant. Blockbuster and Blackberry are perfect examples of adapting to opportunity which ultimately was the reason they went out of business. Netflix and Apple are companies that capitalized on changes in the marketplace and were able to profit on the mistakes of the competition. The manner that a company presents change is an important part of its success. When leaders developed theirRead MoreSummary Of Phoenix Arizona, Petsmart Essay2300 Words   |  10 Pages For example, the top three major competitors of PetSmart include Petco, Pet Planet and Pet Supermarket (Owler, 2016). Abraham (2012) observed, â€Å"In any industry regardless of the degree of regulation, firms compete with each other to sell more products or services to customers; their purpose being to â€Å"capture more of the customer’s dollar†Ã¢â‚¬  (sec. 1.2, p. 7). Therefore, even the online pet supply giant, the Petsho Shop Company, is a rivalry and boasts annual sales of twelve point three millionRead MoreAnimal Food Products For The United States1735 Words   |  7 Pagesthe food packages. With that many pets in the U.S some well-known companies that manufacture food for our four-legged companions use cheap and harmful products. One such company is Royal Canin. The company has been under attack lately for the use of controvers ial ingredients in their food that make dogs sick. Royal Canin specializes in dog and cat dry high-nutrition food products for the high-end market serving worldwide. The company was first established by the veterinary surgeon Jean Cathary inRead MoreMarketing Analysis : The Pet Product Industry2248 Words   |  9 PagesSituation Analysis IFetch has positioned themselves very carefully when it comes to their products. ICatapult is an innovative product that addresses a major complaint of dog-owners better than any of the competitors. The strategic marketing plan will be based on making this information available to the primary target market visually by point-of-purchase displays and graphically through creative advertisement through social media and magazines that sponsor innovative pet products. This strategicRead MoreJohnson and Johnson Analysis9749 Words   |  39 Pagesallows for greater focus as the company blankets 250 countries across the world (Johnson and Johnson - Strategic Planning). For the last 120 years, Johnson and Johnson have been on the forefront of innovation for each of its three divisions, but it must continue to develop and grow in order to maintain its position for the future. This report will investigate, assess, and put forth recommendations to ensure continued success for Johnson and Johns on. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 2009 Revenue In 2009, JohnsonRead MorePetsmart Analysis5575 Words   |  23 PagesA Financial Ratio Quarterly Trend Analysis of Petsmart, Inc. Stock symbol: PETM Listed on the Nasdaq Prepared for: In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course: By: 1.0 Introduction This report provides a financial quarterly trend analysis for Petsmart, Inc. The U.S.-based company, together with its subsidiaries, operates as a specialty retailer of products, services, and solutions for pets in North America. The company offers consumables, which include pet food

Theme of Love in Much Ado and Twelfth Night - 1783 Words

AS English Literature – Unit 2 (Coursework) EXPLORATIVE STUDY Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night is studied and his Much Ado About Nothing is used to explore the theme of love. Performances are referred to. Shakespeares romantic comedies explore love, the â€Å"divine passion†, in all its moods and intensities. Most characters in these two plays are in love, find love or seek it. Twelfth Night, reputedly the most mature of Shakespeare’s romantic comedies, weaves several such love stories into an intricate collage to explore different types of love and its easy descent into pain or folly. John Gross, in a 1991 review of Twelfth Night in the Sunday Telegraph, said â€Å"Twelfth Night is about true love and its egocentric counterfeits.† Orsino’s†¦show more content†¦The Viola-Orsino and Benedick-Beatrice loves are comparable, since both are constant, clear-eyed, and more based on a weathered and thorough understanding of each other than on mere physical attraction – theirs is the ‘marriage of true minds’. Even true love could be silly though, as Kenneth Branagh, playing Benedick in his 1993 version, displays in his antics when bitten by the lovebug; Newsweek, in a 1993 review of this adaptation, aptly judged it as portraying â€Å"the absolute absurdity and absurd absoluteness of love.† In comparison, though Claudio is genuinely attracted to Hero, his love seems fickle, jealous and immature. Claudio, a ‘sensible’ conventional wooer, first verifies Hero’s social and financial compatibility (â€Å"Hath Leonato any son...?†), but their relationship lacks trust and instinctive understanding of each other. This is the reason Claudio believes Don John’s intrigue, though Hero, being sweet and submissive, remains true to him regardless of his treatment of her. Their union therefore seems less sound than Beatrice and Benedick’s and less acceptable to a modern audience, which is probably why, in the 2005 Shakespeare Retold version of Much Ado, Hero declines Claude’s second offer. Sebastian and Olivia’s love too, though true, doesn’t seem on par with the Viola-Orsino and Beatrice-Benedick loves in terms of depth and appreciation of each other. Despite falling in love in a flash and being united only by a â€Å"floodShow MoreRelatedThe Aspects of Love in Twelfth Night Essay633 Words   |  3 PagesThe Aspects of Love in Twelfth Night The main theme in Twelfth Night is love. It is announced at the beginning of the play ‘If music be the food of love play on’ and from this you know that love will be a main aspect in Twelfth Night. In Elizabethan time ‘love’ as we know it today was very different. You could not love anyone outside of your social status, marriages were almost always arranged on how the social status could improve the current standing of oneRead MoreCommon Features of a Shakespeare Comedy1745 Words   |  7 Pagesclever word play, metaphors and insults. 1. Love: The theme of love is prevalent in every Shakespeare comedy. Often, we are presented with sets of lovers who, through the course of the play, overcome the obstacles in their relationship and unite. Love in Shakespearean comedy is stronger than the inertia of custom, the power of evil, or the fortunes of chance and time. In all of these plays but one (Troilus and Cressida), the obstacles presented to love are triumphantly overcome, as conflicts areRead MoreEssay about Film Versions of Shakespeare Comedies2208 Words   |  9 Pagesadaptations of Shakespeare’s comedies, Trevor Nunn’s Twelfth Night and Kenneth Branagh’s A Much Ado About Nothing [‘Much Ado’]. Although both films can to an extent be seen as comedies with serious, almost tragic aspects inherent throughout, Nunn’s film deals with these serious facets as central to the depiction, whereas Branagh, although not entirely ignoring the deeper issues, prefers a more light-hearte d and visually attractive adaptation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Twelfth Night has been described as ‘like Hamlet in a comicRead MoreTwelfth Night by William Shakespeare Essays448 Words   |  2 PagesTwelfth Night by William Shakespeare The complex plot - full of mistaken identities, misdirected passions, high comedy, low tricks, and unexpected poignancy - begins as a ship, carrying the identical twins Viola and Sebastian is wrecked off the coast of a fictional country, Illyria. Viola is washed ashore on this alien coast and becomes convinced that her beloved brother is dead. She learns that she is near the home of Olivia, a young countess whoRead MoreThe Foolishness Of Love Is A Force That Exceeds Our Rational Judgment1440 Words   |  6 PagesViktoryia Hvozdz Professor Bradley Irish English 321 8 October, 2015 The Foolishness of Love Romantic love is a force that exceeds our rational judgment. Out of nowhere, it descends upon us and destroys our previous notions of ourselves, making us act in uncharacteristic ways. We do not choose whom and when to love; and falling in love reminds us of how little control we have over our lives. In spite of this, romantic love is often viewed today as a sure path to ever-lasting happiness. Shakespeare, howeverRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing And King Lear3685 Words   |  15 PagesName: Instructors’ Name: Course: Date: Analysis of Shakespeare’s powerful female characters in the play â€Å"Much Ado about Nothing† and â€Å"King Lear Introduction Shakespeare is seen to value the role of women as his plays often portray women as heroines. These women have strong characters that endear them to readers. Readers in our current world, and especially women, are encouraged to be self-assertive in demand for equal treatment in our society. This has been the tradition for women in the WesternRead MoreShakespeare s Twelfth Night ( C. 1600-01 )2907 Words   |  12 PagesINTRODUCTION Twelfth Night (c. 1600-01) is a complicated play which deals with the nature of love, gender role and the intricate comic and tragic experiences of love. The characters have multiple layers of gender roles and sexual attractions which makes the issue of gender identity more complex. For example, Viola, the heroine of the play is dressed as a male, Cesario, throughout most of the play. As a male, Viola woos Olivia for Orsino, resulting in Olivia falling in love with Viola-as-Cesario.Read MoreNature of Shakespearean Comedy1436 Words   |  6 Pagesaction turns out happily for the chief characters. Abrams specifies several different types of comedy ‘within the broad spectrum of dramatic comedy’, including romantic comedy, satiric comedy, the comedy of manners, farce and ‘high’ and ‘low’ comedy. Much comedy, however- and this is particularly true of English works as opposed to the more genre-conscious productions of classical and French literature- is a mixture of many, if not all, these kinds. Verbal wit is often juxtaposed with the rough-and-tumbleRead MoreThe Dramatic Importance of Act 1 Scenes 1 and 2 of William Shakespeares Twelfth Night4384 Words   |  18 PagesThe Dramatic Importance of Act 1 Scenes 1 and 2 of William Shakespeares Twelfth Night The title Twelfth Night seems to suggest that Shakespeare, who wrote the play around 1602, wanted it to be performed on the twelfth day after Christmas; the festival of the Epiphany. This day formally marked the end of the Christmas season, which at the time was celebrated as a special festival. In addition to eating, drinking and generally over indulging, the performance of plays wasRead MoreThe Cohabitation Of Tragic And Comedy1830 Words   |  8 PagesHelen because we believe she deserves Bertram. But, comedy arises from watching her try to reach her goal. We are upset by the way Bertram treats Helen, but find amusement in his attempts to resist. It is through this that the plot develops and becomes much more interesting and complex than would otherwise have occurred. The audience’s expectations are also inverted as this play starts in the middle, not the beginning, of the comic cycle. We expect to open on a content social environment which will

Product Lifecycle Management Paradigm †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Product Lifecycle Management Paradigm. Answer: Introduction: Resolute Winery is one of the family businesses dealing in selling wines to people. The company is headed by Mr. Main and oversee everything in the organization. Resolute started a long time back by Mr. Main's grandparents, who later handed the business to the leadership of Mr. Main's father, and now he is Mr. Main who is in charge. The business has eight more employees who work hand in hand to deliver services to their customers. The business has a hierarchical type of organization structure where the juniors have the bosses whom they report to. The structure, leadership, operations and the general culture of this company proof the hierarchical of the organization. Currently, Resolute Winery has dropped in its performance and its general productivity. In comparison to the previous days of the leadership of Mr. Mains grandparents, the organizations sales have dropped, and this is disturbing the companys president, Mr. Main. For some time now, he tried out various strategies, but most of them failed. Now, he has decided to hire a consultant to work for work for the organization. The approach seems to be more appropriate to handle the situation in the company (James, 2014). Problems and Challenges Facing Resolute Winery At the moment, various challenges are facing Resolute Winery. The organization is experiencing sluggish sales that are attributed to many issues. Firstly, there is a high turnover of members who are not from the family. Resolute Winery is one of the family businesses is greatly affected by this issue. The members who are not of the family feel that those from the corporate family have more opportunities than them. This has dragged the productivity of Resolute Winery. Also, the company experiences some family problems in its operations (Hanssan, 2012). There has an emotional, financial and physical effect among many others in the business. Mr. Main brings this out when he seems to be disturbed by a high turnover of people from outside the family. It affects the daily business of this organization. The company also has a problem of the space for operation. Dr. Marlena Michaels has observed that the organization has a problem of space. Space is small, and there is need to move to a better spacious room. This will help the organization to increase its productivity. It is also evident that Resolute Winery has a problem of the informal culture and structure (Blythe, 2009). The structure is not clear, and this affects the operation of this organization. The company lacks a formal mission, and this has an effect on the culture of this company and thus influences how the company does things. Also, the employees in this organization lack training. Some of them do not have the skills to pour wine for the customers which are a challenge to the company (Karniel Reich, 2011). Besides, the business lacks a plan for the next person to take over the business. There is no clear documentation that specifies the structure and flows on who takes over the business after Mr. Main. This affects the employee's performance because of this uncertainty. Mr. Main claims that the company is a family business and yet he does not have a supporting document regarding this claim. This is challenging and risky to the company since employees can team up to apply for the business (John, Katherine Jocz, 2012). SWOT Analysis for Resolute Winery SWOT analysis is one of the techniques used to evaluate the position. The technique focuses analyzing the Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats that the organization has. The analysis is important because it helps the management of the business to be in a better position to establish to make right decisions that help the business to grow. Firstly, Resolute Winery has many areas of strengths that can help it positively (Chermack Bernadette, 2007). The business has a big market and thus many customers. There is no point when the room has run out of the people who want to take wine, and this is a strength of the business. Also, the business has won two prizes which are important in the field. This is a strength of the organization and has a positive impact on its performance is used well (Mankiw Taylor, 2011). Resolute Winery, just like any other business also has its weaknesses. Being a family owned business, the organization has many weaknesses related to the ownership. The organization is affected by the emotional, physical and other challenges related to family issues (Charles, 2012). Also, the business lacks space to cry out its business. More often, the customers required space, and the saving room seemed to be more congested. This is a weakness of this company. The company also has some opportunities for its well-being. The market of the wine business is wide and thus presents an excellent opportunity for this organization to capitalize. The business is old in the market which is also an opportunity to this business. The company also enjoys a good political state and social state and has not had any bad issues from these aspects (Wooliscroft, 2011). Lastly, Resolute Winery also has some threats. The business is in danger of competitors in the field. Other organizations operating the wine business can take the market from Resolute Winery thus a threat. Recommendations and Conclusion As a recommendation, there are various aspects that Resolute Winery needs to consider for its development. The company needs to consider the structure and also train more employees to handle various tasks in the business. This is evidenced by the fact that wine pouring responsibility has been left for some employees and this reduces the profitability of the business. Also, Mr. Main should develop a willingness to handle the feedback from the customers and the employee in a better effective way. It is also recommended that Mr. Main should seek documents to proof that the business is family owned. This will reduce the risks of being overthrown by the ill intentioned people. It is also recommended that the business adopts a mission to guide in its business. The organization lacks a formal mission and vision statement which reduces the motivation and performance of the employee. Resolute Winery should consider incorporating this into its culture. Also, Mr. Main never enters the serving room and should change this habit towards improvement. He should increase the supervision in the operation room and correct where necessary to improve efficiency and effectiveness which in turn increases the organizations productivity. In conclusion, businesses can perform better if the well managed. The success of every business organization is greatly determined by the strategies that it takes in its operation. It is important to establish the strength and weaknesses to the efficient development of a given business enterprise. Also, organizations should conduct SWOT analysis to understand their internal environment. Considering these factors can have a positive impact on the productivity of the business enterprise. References Blythe, J. (2009). Key Concepts in Marketing. London: Sage Publications. ISBN978-1-84787-498-6. Charles, L. (2012). Essentials of Marketing (7ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Chermack, J. Bernadette K. (December 2007). "The Use of and Misuse of SWOT analysis and implications for HRD professionals." Human Resource Development International.10(4): 383399. Hanssan, A. (2012). "Tax policy and the entrepreneurship: empirical evidence from Sweden." Small Business Economics. James, W. (2014). Your Small Business Adventure: Finding Your Niche and Growing a Successful Business. ALA/Huron Street Press. ISBN978-1-937589-44-8. John A., Katherine E. Jocz (2012). All Business is Local: Why Place Matters More than Ever in a Global, Virtual World. Penguin. Karniel, A. Reich, Y. (2011).Managing the Dynamic of the New Product Development Processes. A new Product Lifecycle Management Paradigm. Springer. pp.13.ISBN978-0-85729-569-9. Mankiw, N. Taylor, M. (2011). Economics (2nd ed., revised Ed.). Andover: Cengage Learning. Wooliscroft, B. (2011). Marketing Theory as History. Marketing Theory, 11(4), 499-501

The Harlem Renaissance Brought About Many Great Changes. It Was A Time

The Harlem Renaissance brought about many great changes. It was a time for expressing the African-American culture. Many famous people began their writing or gained their recognition during this time. The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920's and 1930's. Many things came about during the Harlem Renaissance; things such as jazz and blues, poetry, dance, and musical theater. The African-American way of life became the"thing." Many white people came to discover this newest art, dancing, music, and literature. The Great Migration of African-American people from the rural South to the North, and many into Harlem was the cause of this phenomenon. Harlem was originally a Dutch settlement. Harlem became one of the largest African- American communities in the United States, and during the Harlem Renaissance became a center for art and literature. Many great writers came about during this time, one of which was Langston Hughes. Hughes was born in 1902 with the name James Langston Hughes, and died in 1967. He lived most of his adult life in Harlem. He grew up without a stable family environment. His father moved to Mexico, and he never really saw much of him. Hughes was often referred to as "Harlem's poet" (Haskins 174). Hughes had and still has a great influence on poetry. Hughes poetry was a reflection of the African-American culture and Harlem. He wrote many poems, and continued to write even after the Harlem Renaissance. He loved Harlem that was his home. He watched it decline with the onset of the Great Depression. He saw Harlem turn into a place to be feared by many. It was a sad and dangerous place to be, after the depression. Hughes described the impact of the Great Depression upon African-Americans, "The depression brought everyone down a peg or two. And the Negro had but a few pegs to fall" (Haskins 174). Langston Hughes valued the teaching of children. Many of his poems are children's poems. He often traveled to schools and read his poetry. His first published works were in a children's magazine during the 1920's. He published a book of ABC's called The Sweet and Sour Animal Book. He wanted to inspire the youth, and make them feel good about themselves. He did not only write poetry, but that is what he is famous for. Much of his poetry talks of the hardships, poverty, inequality, etc. of the African-American people. His work has inspired many people, and is read by many students and scholars. He is a great positive role model. I personally love his poetry. It describes these problems within our society that still have yet to be resolved. It opens the reader's eyes to the many disadvantages that many people have suffered through and are still trying to overcome. Hughes writes about how the African-American people have been all over the world. In "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" he talks about them bathing in the Euphrates, building huts by the Congo, and singing of the Mississippi. I think that this poem is showing how these people are everywhere. That in America we act as if they are subordinate, but he is saying to the white people, look at all my race has accomplished. "We" built the pyramids, and we have been around as long as these rivers. This is a positive poem. It does not talk directly about racism nor puts down the white race for being prejudiced (Lauter 1612-13). In the poem, "I, Too" he describes how he is also part of what America is. Even if he is sent to eat in the kitchen, he is as much a part as anyone else. One day he will not be made to hide and eat in the kitchen. One day people will see that African-Americans are beautiful people, and will be ashamed of how they were treated. This poem gives hope to the black community. It makes them yearn for the day when equality will come and racism will end. Too bad that the day has still not yet come in this century (Lauter 1618). In his poem, "Harlem" this is addressed. He wonders what happens to dreams that are deferred. How long must one still dream of something that seems like it will never come. The African-American people have been waiting to be seen as equal for many years, yet it still seems so out of reach. His poetry seems to address this over and over again (Lauter 1619). In "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain,"