Sophocles Oedipus The King English Literature Essay

Sophocles Oedipus The King English Literature EssayAristotle defines tragedy as an replication of an action that is made to look serious, comprehensive and of a specific enormity. There as thus six elements which, according to Aristotle, make up the quality of a frank tragic gambling. These include the plot of the stratum which gives the flow of the events in the business relationship. The plot must contain the cause and effect whose climax is reached as a result of the earlier incidents and whose end is arrived at from the presiding events. The fleck element is the character whose work is to support the plot of the drama. For the protagonist, s/he should be celebrated and prosperous and his fortune changes from good to bad. The next element is opinion which seen when something has been proved wrong or right. Thought also include the themes that are illustrated in the drama. The fourth element is diction which entails the pronunciation and extraction of the meaning of the story in words. Melody or song is the fifth element and it is attributed to the chorus and should be wholly incorporated in the play just like the actors. blend is the spectacle which depends on the attractiveness of the stage rather than the creativity of the poet. Aristotle goes ahead to give the characteristics of a tragic hero he mentions that is of nobility and greatness, he is not unceasingly perfect, he should encounter a downfall which is out of fate, and he is to face a penalisation that exceeds his crime. However his fall is not a total liberation he becomes aware in the mistakes he makes and though his tragedy arouses some emotions, it does not leave the audience depressed.The play Oedipus the King by Sophocles describes the story of a city, Thebes, which has been struck by a plague. Oedipus is the female monarch of Thebes and his people gather in dismay and ask him to do something so as to save them. Oedipus has already displace Creon to the oracle to consult on how the y can save the city. He however comes bandaging with a subject matter that the plague allow only end when the sea wolf of the former king of Thebes, Laius, is expelled from the city. He then calls for prophet Tiresias to come and tell him what he knows about the murder. Tiresias seems to know who the murderer is but he is unable to speak. Oedipus blames him for retentivity the secret while the people suspect that it is Oedipus who liked the former king (Sophocles, 1947, p.16). In that argument, Tiresias mentions Oedipus parents and he is surprised at how he knew about them while he was brought up in Corinth. Tiresias tell him that he knew Oedipuss parents mysteriously and as he left the stage he points out that the murderer of Laius will become the fellow and father to his own children and the offspring of his own spouse. At the mention of this, Oedipus threatens to kill Creon for siding with Tiresias and the whole place becomes noisy (Sophocles, 1947, p.17).At this point, Joc asta, the window of Laius and also the latest Oedipuss wife, comes in and asks what the noise is for. Oedipus explains that the prophet has accused him for the death of Laius but Jocasta assures him that the murder was committed by thieves on a three-way junction before he, Oedipus, came to Thebes. The definition of the murder however sounds familiar to Oedipus and he highly suspects that he could be the murderer. He tells Jocasta that he overheard that he was not the on-key son of the royal family and when he looked for the truth he was told that he will kill his own father and sleep with his own set about thus to avoid this from happening he fell away from Corinth. In his journey, he encountered a group of people who attacked him and killed them all except one in self-defence and that all this happened at the same distinguish that Jocasta had mentioned (Sophocles, 1947, p.19).He asks for the man, a shepherd, who had survived the tragedy to come and testify hoping that he wil l not identify him as the murderer. Before he arrives, a messenger comes with the message that Oedipuss father, the king of Corinth is dead and that Oedipus should go and take over the kingdom Jocasta rejoices at this (Sophocles, 1947, p.46). He also mentions that he should not worry since the king was not his biological father and that there was one shepherd who new the whole story well. Oedipus calls for this shepherd to come and testify. Suspecting that the truth will be revealed, Jocasta goes back to the palace. The shepherd does not want to reveal the truth but Oedipus threatens to kill him if he does not tell him. He finally break-dances that Oedipus was the son of Laius but was adopted by the king of Corinth after he was disowned by his parents following a prophecy that he would kill his own father and make his mother his wife. Realising his true identity, he yells and goes back to the palace. He finds Jocasta has hanged herself he removes the pins from her cloths and blinds himself. He comes back bleeding and asking to be expelled from the town (Sophocles, 1947, p.63).He is expelled and goes to wonder in unknown places until steps on a holy ground when he remembers that at some point the gods promised him that he would rest on that ground. He calls for Theseus, the king of Athens who pities for what had befallen Oedipus and offers to help him. Oedipus requests Theseus to take and have a go at it with him in until he dies though he cautions that this would bring the rage of Thebes to Athens. Just before his death, a dreadful thunder is heard and Oedipus calls for Theseus. He tells him that his time of death had come and he must perform some rites over Oedipuss body so as to protect the city. He leads Theseus to the place of his death and tells him no to disclose to anyone except his son during his death who is also to do the same. The earth burst open and he just disappeared (Sophocles, 1947, p. 65).From the unfortunate flow of events, we can confiden tly corroborate that Oedipus is the perfect example of Aristotles tragic hero. As a child, a prophecy was made that when he grew up he would put his father to death and wed his mother. His biological parents, Laius and Jocasta try to evade the prophecy by killing him but the gods protect him and he is adopted by a royal family where he is brought up as a prince (Sophocles, 1947, p. 24). As he grows he believes that he can avoid the oracle that he will kill his father and take his mother in marriage. He leaves Corinth thinking that he has outsmarted the will of the gods but instead they are manipulating his will and leading him to the very place that he would commit the murder. At first, Oedipus is a good person and as a king, he virtuously rules Thebes and saves the whole city by giving a solution to the Sphinx riddle. When Thebes experiences the second plague, he tells them that he feels their suffering and that his is even worse than theirs. He knows what is best for his people and they trust his to an extent they take him for God. All the people in Thebes acknowledge his for his good leadership This is the house,and he is the good sir within (Sophocles, 1947, p.46)Since a tragic hero is not perfect, he falls because of his character. He is bad tempered and stubborn will do anything that he thinks of without considering the outcome. His temper makes him kill his father and his wish to do anything led him to knowing the truth about his ability. Jocasta keeps on telling him not to test for more information since it may cause him great harm but he insists that he must know the truth. Thus he falls by killing his father and marrying his mother due to his imperfection, an act which he is responsible of. He is born to noble family and the society does not expect him to fall and when he falls, it seems more of a calamity that involves the whole community. The moment he suspects that Laius and Jocasta were his true parents, his suffering begins. He is not at peac e and he struggles to know the truth. He seeks information from all reliable sources and when he finally realises the truth, his punishment begins he pricks his eyes and becomes blind for the rest of his life living away from his rightful home. This punishment is more than he deserves (Sophocles, 1947, p. 63).As his downfall comes to pass and the play comes to an end, the story gains the purgation of the viewers. Throughout the play, Oedipus brings out the sense of fear and pity to the audience. They fear his true identity and do not want to find it out. The pity is brought out by his downfall towards the end of the story. Thus the story is a tragedy drama because it brings out the purgation of the viewers and Oedipus is the tragic hero he has arouse these feelings and fulfilled the other Aristotles requirements.

Engine Oil Pan And Functions

Engine Oil Pan And FunctionsThis report volition analyze the engine embrocate travel as maven of metallic element in car application. The analysis will cover the role of the component, the material for the component and the properties of the material. We will cover the process of how the properties atomic number 18 achieved. We will also analyzing the alternative material suitable for the specific component, compare and contrast with the alternative material.IntroductionEngine anoint pan out is a simple self-propelled component with a very simple function. However, it is very vital for youre the engine part to operate properly. By understanding the function, the specific necessity and the material for an oil pan, it would help us to understand more on material selection for specific automotive applications.Engine Oil Pan and FunctionsFor engine to work at its best, it must be running at a specific operational temperature. This temperature can only be maintained with the ai d of engine oil that acts as a coolant. Subsequently, it needs a component to store the oil and continuously reuse it. That is the main function of the engine oil pan. Besides a depot component, oil pan will also collect some of the residue picks by engine oil while passing through the engine. Oil pan also served as a bottom cover of engines.Component Condition and RequirementIn relative to the oil pan application, certain figure and requirement of the material should be meet. First, the material for the component should use up a unassailable corrosion resistance. It is to ensure that the oil in the sump will not contaminated. blush though the function of the oil pan is not for cooling, but the good thermal conductivity lieu will give an advantage for the application. Furthermore, it has to have a good ductileness to prevent crack or damage due to stone impact. Low density in material will be a great advantage for the component, as it will reduce the weight. Above all, the mo st measurable criteria for the component are the ability to sustain the operating temperature of the engine. However, the engine operating temperature is considered low for all kind of metallic material to withstand.Materials and Properties for Oil Pan applicationIn this paper, we will analyze the properties of cast aluminum alloy as a material for the oil pan. aluminum alloy (2.7 g/cm) is characterized as a nonferrous alloy, which comparatively low density material compare to brand name (7.9 g/cm) (Callister 2007). Beside low in density, it is also comparatively high thermal conductivity and inherent corrosive resistance in some general environment. Furthermore, the ductility of Aluminum alloys is retained at low temperature due to Aluminum has a FCC crystal structure (fig. 1-1).Face Centered Cubic Crystal Structure. In hard sphere unit (a), a reduced sphere unit (b) and in aggregate of many atoms.An important characteristic of this material is the specific strength, which is r esolved by the tensile strength to specific gravity ratio (Callister, 2007). Even though aluminum alloy have a tensile strength relatively compare to the high(prenominal) density material (such as steel), on a weight basis it will able sustain a larger sheer out (Callister,2007).In particular to the casting alloys use for performances of oil pan in automotive industry, the die casting process is used. In general the AlSiMg alloys is use for the employment of the oil pans.Table 1.1 Composition, Mechanical properties and common application for cast- heating plant treatable Aluminum alloys(Callister, 2007)Silicon in the clutch of 5 to 12% by weight is the most important element in aluminum alloying due to ability to increase the fluidity of the molten metal as well as strengthens the aluminum. Magnesium in the range of 0.3 to 1 % by weight is added to increase strength (Smith, 2004).The silicon content in the component will dress the formation of acicular silicon. It will cause the considerable reduction in the ductility of the component. Therefore the heat treatment is necessary for the component, after molding process. It is to obtain the appropriate adequate mechanical properties with appraise to roughness and ductility. The heat treatment process at an appropriate temperature and for an appropriate duration is carried out to produce the component with a different toughness. In this case, production of oil pan used the solution heat treatment and followed by artificial aging process, indicate by (T6) in table 1.1. As for the oil pan, in the region of a flange is kept untreated in order to retain high level of hardness and low level of ductility. Thus, the hardness will be 85 to 110 HB and the ductility of 0.5 to 2.5%. While on the base region, it is heat treated appropriately to create a hardness of 55 to 80 HB and ductility greater than 4%. Hence, the ductility is increased and the hardness is reduced.Properties of Aluminum Alloy suit the Oil Pan Re quirementsAforementioned, we had discussed the condition and requirement of the oil pan application. Through the material analysis of Aluminum alloy, we found that aluminum alloy has a good corrosive resistance. Furthermore, the mechanical property of aluminum alloy as good thermal conductivity would provide a better heat dissipation for the engine oil. Through solution heat treatment process the aluminum oil pan have had a sufficient ductility to sustain stone impact from bottom. With a considerably good hardness the aluminum alloy oil pan would maintain the component shape from deformation due some level of impact.Comparison to other achievable materials for oil panOther material commonly used to produce oil pan is low carbon steel. Oil pans made of steel are produced with a stamp forming process. Physically, in contrast to the aluminum alloy oil pan, the steel oil pan is light in weight. It is because it was produce with a thin steel sheet compare to a thicker cast aluminum allo y oil pan.Based on properties of the material, steel oil pan has a higher ductility but less hardness compare to aluminum oil pan that has high hardness and low ductility. Advantage in having high ductility material is the ability to withstand impact without crack or damage. The comparison of those material (Table 1.2) shows the difference in elasticity, which the modulus of elasticity determined the resistance to elastic deformation. The greater the modulus (Steel alloy) the stiffer the material will be.However, with that property the shape of the component will easily deformed. In case of oil pan application, it might damage other component inside the pan such as oil strainer. Other advantage of the aluminum oil pan in contrast to steel oil pan is the ability to acts as a noise shield, especially on diesel engine. In term of heat dissipation, aluminum oil pan will have advantage in dissipating more head compare to steel oil pan.Table 1.2 Room temperature Elastic, Shear Modulus and Poissons Ratio for Aluminum Alloy and Steel Alloy.AluminumAluminum offers many advantages over other materials. Some of these include Light weight (2/3 the weight of steel) Machinability High strength-to-weight ratio Non-oxidizing when exposed to stress Excellent heat dissipation High electrical conductivity Can be cast by all common casting methods Heat treatable for higher strength and hardnessWillian D. Callister, Jr. (2007). Materials science and engineering an introduction, 7th Edition. United States of America, John Wiley Sons, Inc.Martin, J W.(2006). Materials for Engineering. Cambridge, Woodhead Publishing, LimitedWilliam F. Smith (2004).Foundation of Material Science and Engineering, Third edition.New York, McGraw-Hill.

Process of Appendix Removal

Process of Appendix RemovalNatalija MillerProcess Description of Appendix RemovalAppendectomyThe supplement itself is a small, finger-like projection off the large intestine. Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix collectible to a block in the opening to the colon, or by an transmittance (US National subroutine library of Medicine, 2014). An appendectomy then, is the surgical procedure done to remove the appendix, usually in cases where acute appendicitis is present. The procedure is considered highly recommended in cases where appendicitis may be suspected to funk the possibility of a life-threatening infection due to an appendix rupture (Johns Hopkins Medicine).Causes of AppendicitisAppendicitis is considered to have multiple causes, including those that involve stools, mucus, bacteria and other organisms like para internet sites. These cause the appendix to swell, leading to irritation and inflammation. If the appendix then ruptures, those stools, bacteria, etc., th en leak into the abdomen and could cause a serious infection. Inflammation of the abdomen due to bacterial infection is known as peritonitis. Antibiotics, further surgery and/or (in some cases) blood transfusions maybe used to treat this condition (Mayo Clinic, 2011).Diagnosis of AppendicitisGenerally, the physician go away head start inspect the abdomen and evaluate signs and symptoms. Often a light pressure is applied to any areas of smart, and then relieved quickly. Pressing down on the site and letting go quickly should be considerably more painful or discomforting in cases where appendicitis is present. Doctors will often look for what is termed, guarding the tendency to tighten the abdominal muscles due to the increase in pressure against the inflamed area. Other helpful diagnostic testing may occur to confirm appendicitis (ultrasound, white blood cellular phone count, etc.), or to simply rule other complications out (urine testing for kidney stones) (Mayo Clinic, 2014). It is important to note, however, that there are no tests to completely confirm the existence of appendicitis.Symptoms of AppendicitisCertain areas and intensities of pain are considered to be more symptomatic than others. It is important to report any of the following to a physicianPain of the swallow right abdomen or pain that travelled there from the midsection.Progressive pain (increase in severity as time progresses).Heightened pain with touch, coughing/sneezing, or certain movements.Nausea and vomiting. overleap of appetite or desire to consume food.Fever/chills.Constipation/DiarrheaLaxatives and other bowel regulating methods are exceptionally dangerous in cases of appendicitis due to their contribution to the risk of rupture. Pain medications should also be avoided to ensure that other sites of pain are not overlooked, preventing a physician from concluding a univocal diagnosis (Johns Hopkins Medicine).Appendectomy VariationsOpen AppendectomyThis is a method where an inci sion will be made in the lower right abdomen for the most part no more than 3 inches in diameter by which the physician can locate and extract the appendix.Laparoscopic AppendectomyThis is performed through several small incisions and a tube-shaped camera (laparoscope) used to locate the appendix for removal. The laparoscope is hooked-up to a monitor for the surgeon to view during the procedure. This method is not only considered to result in little scarring (shown in Figure 1 below), but also lessen the amount of pain surgery results in, decrease length of hospital care, shorten recovery period, and lower infection rates (Johns Hopkins Medicine).Figure 1 Laparoscopic Appendectomy incision site practical RisksThere are risks associated with the procedure, which includeInfected incision site.Peritonitis.Obstructed bowels (Johns Hopkins Medicine).Possible bleedingReactions to anesthesiaPus build-up (US National Library of Medicine, 2014).Other risks may be possible depending on sp ecific medical conditions report to the physician on with any concerns about the procedure (Johns Hopkins Medicine).ProcedureBeforeThe details of the procedure will be extensively described, as which point permission to perform verbalise procedure will be requested. A list of medications or medical concerns will be collected, and a sedative or anesthesia will be given to induce a relaxed state, allowing the operation to begin.DuringAll clothing and jewlery will be removed and a gown will be provided to change into.An intravenous (IV) line will be placed in the arm, wrist or hand.Physicians will request a supine position of the operating table (laying on back).An anesthesiologist will monitor all vital signs during the appendectomy.Open AppendectomyThrough the incision in the lower right quadrant, the abdominal cavity will be opened by separating the abdominal muscles, and the appendix will be removed through a process involving sutures (a series of stitches). In the case of a ru pture, the cavity will be rinsed thoroughly with saline and drained. The incision will then be cleansed with an antiseptic to reduce the risk of infection.Laparoscopic AppendectomyA government issue of incisions will be made for the laparoscope and the instruments needed to extract the appendix. The abdominal cavity will be inflated with carbon dioxide through one of the incisions to allow for a clearer visual. Once the appendix is located it is tied off with sutures and removed. At the end of both methods, the appendix is examined in a laboratory setting, the incisions will be cockeyed and the wounds will be dressed with a sterile gauze (Johns Hopkins Medicine).Returning to Daily LivingAfter the procedure, it is recommended that walking take place within a few hours or the following day. Pain medication may be administered to provide a more comforting environment. It is important to progressively increase the solidity of foods to ensure that the body can still consistently regul ate itself. Once discharged (usually after a day or two), the incision site moldiness be kept clean and dry (US National Library of Medicine, 2014). Avoid any strenuous activities until the follow up (2-3 weeks after surgery), for a physicians recommendations.It is extremely important to notify a physician if any of the following problems ariseLasting fever of over 101 degrees Fahrenheit.Any irritation at incision sites.Inability and/or lack of desire to consume fluids.Continuous coughing, shortness of breath and/or trouble breathing.Inability to have bowel movements (Johns Hopkins Medicine). recuperation to the point where normal, everyday activities can resume will generally take place between 2-4 weeks after being discharged (US National Library of Medicine, 2014).ReferencesThe Johns Hopkins infirmary and Health System. (n.d.). Appendectomy. Retrieved October 26, 2014, from http//www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/gastroenterology/appendectomy_92,P07686/Mayo Cl inic. (2014, August 20). Appendicitis. Retrieved October 26, 2014, from http//www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/appendicitis/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20023582Mayo Clinic. (2011, July 9). Peritonitis. Retrieved October 26, 2014, from http//www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peritonitis/basics/treatment/con-20032165U.S National Library of Medicine. (2014, October 9). Appendectomy MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Retrieved October 26, 2014, from http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002921.htm

Othello and the Virtue of Love Essay -- GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Ot

Othello and the Virtue of Love The love of the protagonist and his wife in William Shakespeares trgedy Othello can non stand up against the repeated assaults of the sinister Iago. Let us in this essay search for and comment on the examples of love found in the play. Helen Gardner in Othello A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune highlights the love between the hero and his belove The love between Othello and Desdemona is a great venture of faith. He is reconcile she achieves her freedom, and at a great cost. Shakespeare, in creating the figure of her wronged father, who dies of grief at her revolt, sharpened and heightened, as everywhere, the story in the source. Her disobedience and deception of him perhaps crossbreeding her mind at Othellos ominous Think on thy sins. If so, she puts the thought aside with They are loves I bear you. . . . Othello is a maneuver of passion and runs to the succession of passion it is also a drama of love which, failing to sustain its height of noon, falls at once to night. (141) The ideal love within the drama is the one existing initially between the hero and Desdemona. Francis Ferguson in Two Worldviews Echo Each Other describes the love existing between the protagonist and his wife and how it is an easy prey for the antagonist When Othello sums up their innocent infatuation, we must feel that he is more accurate than he knows She loved me for the dangers I had passed, And I loved her that she did pity them. Othello and Desdemona are so attractive that we tend to see them only as they see each other the noble Moor, the pure white maiden. only if Shakespeare shows their love, even here at the very beginning, as dreamy, utterly defensele... ... Giants. Rindge, New Hampshire Richard Smith Publisher, 1957. Ferguson, Francis. Two Worldviews Echo Each Other. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeare The Pattern in His Carpet. N.p. n.p., 1970. Gardner, Helen. Othello A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from The Noble Moor. British Academy Lectures, no. 9, 1955. Pitt, Angela. Women in Shakespeares Tragedies. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeares Women. N.p. n.p., 1981. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos.

Symbolism and Setting in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson Essay -- The Lo

Symbolism and Setting in The drawing by Shirley Jackson?The Lottery? by Shirley Jackson is a short story that without the symbolism of its spirits, would amount to little more than an odd tale almost a stoning. However, because of what each image represents and the musical mode the setting helps to magnify those representations, it becomes a short story that is anything but short of meaning.The first character is probably the most obviously symbolic character of the story. Every word that leaves Old Man Warner?s Mouth reeks of tradition. He never stops criticizing new ideas about the lottery, the way it is run, or complaining about how things have changed for the worst, etc., etc. When Mr. Adams tells him that the residents of a neighboring village are considering doing away with the lottery, he says they are ?a pack of crazy fools.?After the Hutchinson family draws for the second while and he can hear people whisper about who they hope drew the spot, he is quick to point out ?It?s not the way it used to be, people aren?t the way they used to be.?He probably re ideas most readers of an older person he or she once knew always saying, ? intimately in my day we did things differently?..? and ? What is wrong with kids these days? Why when I was a kid if I did that.?He is clinging to tradition, even some that are no longer observed, and totally unwilling to let go of the ones that are still practiced, in spite of how ludicrous they might be. It has always been done that way in the lead so why change things now? In ?the Lottery,? old Man Warner symbolizes everything that is wrong with tradition and really forces a person to consider some of the ill-advised things that we as members of society have done and or continue... ... a single character in the story who could not be a next-door neighbor, a instructor or a co-worker. The setting is so real that there can be no doubt in a first time readers mind the story is taking place chastise here in America l and of the free where things like this just do not happen. This makes the shock at the end of the story that much greater. The reader is forced to deal with the fact, that all these evils, authority that is too goodly, terrible traditions, cowardice, and indifference are taking place right here right now in our own backyards. The setting makes the ending so powerful because the reader cannot remove the unpleasantness of the story by saying ?That stuff doesn?t happen here.?The combination of setting, symbolic characters and a surprisingly twisted ending make ?The Lottery? by Shirley Jackson a truly powerful and thought provoking story.

Liquid Liquid Extraction Essay -- essays papers

liquid offer Liquid Extraction We were asked to extract benzoic deadly from a kerosene-benzoic acid mixture. This was to be done using the stirred liquid-liquid line of descent chromatography pillar in the senior laboratory. freshly piddle was used as the continuous phase in the extraction. We were asked to measure the benzoic acid soaking ups of the feed, raffinate, and extract streams. These measurements were to be made at several diametric steady-states. The number of a priori stages and the height of the supposititious stages (HETS) was besides to be determined. Because the liquid-liquid extraction column had not been used in several years our assignment also included discussing any problems with the process and possible solutions. The discussion of equipment, results, and observational procedure will be discussed in the pursual paper entitled Liquid-Liquid Extraction. Even though the process had not been used in several years, e actuallything worked v ery headspring. The flow meter used to measure the water flow rate had a down(p) leak which was easily remedied using a bucket. One of the storage tanks still had approximately 400 liters of kerosene with a benzoic acid concentration of 0.00208 (gm/mL). victimization this as a feed for the process, concentrations of benzoic acid in the aqueous extract were found to be 0.00109 (gm/mL) and 0.000783 (gm/mL) for 2 separate steady state experimental runs. The flow grade of the kerosene feed for the two steady states were 0.361 (gal/min) and 0.157 (gal/min) respectively. The number of theoretical stages for a flow rates of 0.361 (gal/min) and 0.157 (gal/min) were determined to be 1.76 and 0.87 stages respectively. With the height of the column equal to 48.9 inches the HETS for the two steady state conditions were 27.71 inches and 56.42 inches respectively. Transferring the benzoic acid from the kerosene into the water was accomplished without any major problems. The equipment worked very well except for minor(ip) problems with the water flow meter. After working on the process we would recommend that it be used more often. We also believe the results obtained from our experiments are accurate and well within experimental error. SUMMARYLiquid-Liquid Extraction of Benzoic Acid The number of theoretical stages and the height of the equivalent theoretical stages were determined for a liquid-liquid extraction proce... ... state conditions to have given good separations. We also believe the correlation between the pH of the aqueous benzoic acid solution and the actual acid concentration to be accurate. We recommend that the liquid-liquid extraction column in the senior laboratory be used more. The process is very interesting and appears to work well.Nomenclature emblemDefinition UnitsXfConcentration of benzoic acid in the feed kerosene(gm/mL)XrConcentration of benzoic acid in the raffinate (gm/mL)YsConc entration of benzoic acid in the extract (gm/mL)mslope of the equilibrium line dimensionseextraction factor dimensionsNnumber of theoretical stages dimensionsZtactual height of experimental column (inches)HETSheight of equivalent theoretical stages (inches)ReferencesRobbins, L. A., Liquid-Liquid Extraction, in Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook, Sixth Ed., D. Green and R. H. Perry, McGraw Hill, New York, NY, p 51-1, (1984)Allerton, J., Liquid Extraction in Perforated-Plate and jammed Towers. American Institute of Chemical Engineers. 39361-384 (1943). Liquid Liquid Extraction Essay -- essays papersLiquid Liquid Extraction We were asked to extract benzoic acid from a kerosene-benzoic acid mixture. This was to be done using the stirred liquid-liquid extraction column in the senior laboratory. Fresh water was used as the continuous phase in the extraction. We were asked to measure the benzoic acid concentrations of the f eed, raffinate, and extract streams. These measurements were to be made at several different steady-states. The number of theoretical stages and the height of the theoretical stages (HETS) was also to be determined. Because the liquid-liquid extraction column had not been used in several years our assignment also included discussing any problems with the process and possible solutions. The discussion of equipment, results, and experimental procedure will be discussed in the following paper entitled Liquid-Liquid Extraction. Even though the process had not been used in several years, everything worked very well. The flow meter used to measure the water flow rate had a small leak which was easily remedied using a bucket. One of the storage tanks still had approximately 400 liters of kerosene with a benzoic acid concentration of 0.00208 (gm/mL). Using this as a feed for the process, concentrations of benzoic acid in the aqueous extract were found to be 0.00109 (gm/mL) and 0.0007 83 (gm/mL) for two separate steady state experimental runs. The flow rates of the kerosene feed for the two steady states were 0.361 (gal/min) and 0.157 (gal/min) respectively. The number of theoretical stages for a flow rates of 0.361 (gal/min) and 0.157 (gal/min) were determined to be 1.76 and 0.87 stages respectively. With the height of the column equal to 48.9 inches the HETS for the two steady state conditions were 27.71 inches and 56.42 inches respectively. Transferring the benzoic acid from the kerosene into the water was accomplished without any major problems. The equipment worked very well except for minor problems with the water flow meter. After working on the process we would recommend that it be used more often. We also believe the results obtained from our experiments are accurate and well within experimental error. SUMMARYLiquid-Liquid Extraction of Benzoic Acid The number of theoretical stages and the height of the equivalent theoretical stages were determined for a liquid-liquid extraction proce... ... state conditions to have given good separations. We also believe the correlation between the pH of the aqueous benzoic acid solution and the actual acid concentration to be accurate. We recommend that the liquid-liquid extraction column in the senior laboratory be used more. The process is very interesting and appears to work well.NomenclatureSymbolDefinition UnitsXfConcentration of benzoic acid in the feed kerosene(gm/mL)XrConcentration of benzoic acid in the raffinate (gm/mL)YsConcentration of benzoic acid in the extract (gm/mL)mslope of the equilibrium line dimensionseextraction factor dimensionsNnumber of theoretical stages dimensionsZtactual height of experimental column (inches)HETSheight of equivalent theoretical stages (inches)ReferencesRobbins, L. A., Liquid-Liquid Extraction, in Perrys Chemical Engineers Handbook, Sixth Ed., D. Gr een and R. H. Perry, McGraw Hill, New York, NY, p 51-1, (1984)Allerton, J., Liquid Extraction in Perforated-Plate and Packed Towers. American Institute of Chemical Engineers. 39361-384 (1943).

Difference between Google, Msn, and Yahoo Essay -- Internet Computers

Difference between Google, Msn, and YahooWhen you are in hurry, which search railway locomotive do you choose in order to get the best result? Maybe you just mathematical function the one that is familiar to you. Google, Yahoo, and Msn are the three most common search engines that we wasting disease in daily life. Although Yahoo and Msn are not the top five of search engines (based on Searchengineswatch.com Feb 2003), we still use those because we are used to using those sites. In my personal experience, I also never realized why I use those search engines. I just use them because the first time I use I was told to use google.com by my friend and it has become my habit. In this paper particularly, I will discuss how search engines work, and the similarities and differences of those three search engines. I hope based on the information I give, you will choose the right search engines in order to maximize your result and minimize your time. scratch line of all, I will talk about sea rch engines. In general, there are three types of search engines. The first one is a crawler-based search engine. This edge crawler is an acronym from crawl and spider. This system works like a spider that crawls through the sites, selects one, chooses one, and displays it. In other words, this search engine hires a superfluous robot called a spider. It builds a list of words and notes which the spider finds, builds an index based on its own system of weighting, encodes the data to save space, and stores data for the drug user to access. Google uses this system. The next system is the human-powered directories implemented by Yahoo. This system has an open directory and subdirectory. This system is controlled by the user. The user must provide the website information including a right title of respect and de... ... consider when you choose which search engine. You might see less advertisement in Google than Yahoo and Msn. I think Yahoo has more advertisement in its website than the Msn. Sometimes, it is kind of cool because you can find a good deal such as cheap price in purchasing goods, getting hotels, apartments, and both other offers. But if you dont have too much time, you might think the advertisement is irritating. In my conclusion, the choice of internet search engine depends on the time I will spend and how well the explanation of the keyword that you are searching for. If you familiar with the subject you are searching for, you might use Yahoo. If you have a lot of time, you might use Msn because it provides more search results. And if you are in hurry, you might use Google.Referencehttp//www.msn.com/http//www.google.comhttp//www.yahoo.com/